August Kranti Din: The Quit India Movement of 1942 — Historical Significance, Impact, and Contemporary Relevance - Dr. Rahul S. Kharat Abstract On the night of 8–9 August 1942, the All-India Congress Committee, meeting at Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay, passed the historic "Quit India" resolution and Mahatma Gandhi delivered his celebrated call to "Do or Die." Within hours the colonial state had arrested virtually the entire top leadership of the Indian National Congress, yet the movement that followed — leaderless, decentralised, and often violent in ways Gandhi himself did not sanction — became the last and, in many respects, the most consequential mass upsurge of India's freedom struggle. This article examines the origins, unfolding, and suppression of the Quit India Movement (also remembered as the August Movement or Bharat Chhodo Andolan), assesses its historiographical significance and long-term impact on the transfer of power in 1947, and considers what ...
The Rise and Fall of the Chola Dynasty: A Study in Imperial Ascendancy and Decline in Medieval South India (c. 300 BCE – 1279 CE)
The Rise and Fall of the Chola Dynasty: A Study in Imperial Ascendancy and Decline in Medieval South India ( c. 300 BCE – 1279 CE ) – By Dr. Rhaul S. Kharat Abstract : The Chola dynasty stands among the most remarkable political formations in the history of pre-modern South Asia, and indeed of the wider Indian Ocean world. Emerging from obscure Sangam-age origins in the fertile Kaveri delta of present-day Tamil Nadu, the Cholas transformed themselves, over the course of roughly four centuries between the accession of Vijayalaya Chola in 848 CE and the extinction of the line under Rajendra III in 1279 CE, into the paramount naval and territorial power of peninsular India. At its zenith under Rajaraja I (r. 985–1014) and his son Rajendra I (r. 1014–1044), the Chola empire extended its writ from the Godavari basin in the north to Sri Lanka in the south, dispatched a punitive naval expedition across the Bay of Bengal against the Srivijaya thalassocracy of maritime Southeast Asia...